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Congress's COINS Act expands US outbound investment restrictions to five more countries and new tech sectors

Published
Score
32

Why it matters

Congress folded the Comprehensive Outbound Investment National Security (COINS) Act into the FY2026 National Defense Authorization Act, and President Donald Trump signed the NDAA on December 18, 2025. The Act codifies and expands Treasury's Outbound Investment Security Program, which restricts U.S. investment in certain sensitive technologies. Covered countries now include Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Russia, and Venezuela, in addition to China, Hong Kong, and Macau. Two sectors join the existing list of semiconductors, microelectronics, quantum information technology, and AI systems: high-performance computing and supercomputing, and hypersonic systems. Violations carry civil fines, forced divestment, and other relief the president directs. The Act also creates an intelligence exemption and lets parties request non-binding government feedback on whether a planned transaction is covered. Treasury received $150 million to implement it.

The existing rule remains in force. Treasury's December 23, 2025 FAQs confirm that the regulations effective January 2, 2025 will stay in effect until Treasury issues new regulations implementing the COINS Act. Treasury has 450 days from enactment to do so, a deadline of roughly mid-March 2027. The executive branch must also identify additional technologies for coverage, and the scope of covered foreign persons is broadened. Treasury has not yet published those technologies or the new definitions.

For compliance teams, the expanded coverage of affiliated persons and indirect investments means older manuals are more likely to have gaps. Law firm commentary through mid-2026 urges companies to redesign investment compliance frameworks, with particular attention to due diligence protocols. Until Treasury's new rules take effect, the current regulations govern, so teams should audit their procedures against them now and track the rulemaking as it moves toward the 2027 deadline.

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